KHAILENKO, NINA ALEXANDROVNA. Institute of Plant Physiology, Genetics and Bioengineering, 45 Timiryazev Str., 480090 Almaty, Kazakhstan. - Male sterility at interspecific hybrids winter soft wheat at crossing it with species Triticum kiharae Dorof.et Migush. and Triticum dicoccum Shuebl..
The display of trait of male sterility at interspecific hybrids F1 -
F3, BC1 - BC2 of combinations T. kiharae õ Ulianovka,
Ulianovka õ Ò.kiharae, Mironovskaya 808 õ T.dicoccum
was investigated. Since F1, in all combinations of crossing, annually
were sowing a grain under the following scheme: ear with grains from
free pollination, ear with grains from compulsory self-pollination and
ear with grains from synthetic pollination under by individual
parchment isolator. The plants of all families of combinations
Triticum kiharae õ Ulianovka, Ulianovka õ Ò.kiharae, since
F1, were sterile, had structure of anthers such as « a tail of swallow
» and high sterility of pollen, characteristic for trait of
cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). The majority of plants were sterile
in F2 and F3, but observed and half-fertile plants. The ears of all
plants blossomed was open within 10-17 days, but grains from free
pollination the insignificant quantity was setting, as a rule. In
combination Mironovskaya 808 õ T.dicoccum in F1 all plants
were half-fertile, and in F2 and F3 were segregated on sterile,
half-sterile, fertile and half-fertile forms. The sterile plants
blossomed are open during 15 -20 days, anthers had both filamentous
form, and form « a tail of swallow ». Pollen grains in both types of
anthers were sterile. According to our researches (Khailenko, 1995),
the species Ò.kiharae has trait CMC, but the species
T.aestivum (the cultivars Ulianovka and Mironovskaya 808) and
T.dicoccum don’t have of such trait . Probably, in the
investigated combinations of crossing there is a display both trait
CMC, and dominant trait of gene male sterility (GMS). The problems of
cytoplasmic and gene male sterility at wheat, arising at carrying out
of works on the remote hybridization of cereal plants are discussed.
Key words: cytoplasmic male sterility, genes male sterility, interspecific hybrid, pollination, wheat